Key words
The science, maths and programming words used in the labs, explained simply. In a lab, tap an underlined word to see what it means.
76 words
- acid अम्ल
- A substance that tastes sour, like lemon juice or vinegar. It turns blue litmus red.
- ChemistryEnvironment
- algorithm Algorithm
- A list of clear steps that solves a problem, like a recipe.
- Programming
- angle कोण
- The amount of turn between two lines that meet, measured in degrees (°).
- Mathematics
- area क्षेत्रफल
- How much flat space a shape covers, measured in square units like cm².
- Mathematics
- average औसत
- Add all the values and divide by how many there are. Also called the mean.
- Mathematics
- base क्षार
- The opposite of an acid, like soap or baking soda solution. It feels slippery and turns red litmus blue.
- Chemistry
- binary Binary
- Counting with only two digits, 0 and 1. Computers store everything this way.
- Programming
- carbon dioxide कार्बन डाइअक्साइड
- A gas we breathe out. Plants take it in to make their food.
- ChemistryBiologyEnvironment
- cell कोष
- The tiny building block that every living thing is made of.
- Biology
- chlorophyll क्लोरोफिल
- The green colouring in leaves that catches sunlight for photosynthesis.
- Biology
- circuit परिपथ
- A complete loop that electricity flows around, from the cell through the bulb and back.
- PhysicsTechnology
- condensation सघनन
- When a gas cools and turns back into a liquid, like drops on a cold glass.
- ChemistryEnvironmentPhysics
- condition सर्त
- A question with a yes or no answer that decides what the program does next.
- Programming
- conductor सुचालक
- A material that lets electricity or heat pass through easily, like copper.
- PhysicsTechnology
- coordinates निर्देशाङ्क
- A pair of numbers (x, y) that tells you exactly where a point is on a grid.
- Mathematics
- current विद्युत् धारा
- The flow of electricity through a wire, measured in amperes (A).
- PhysicsTechnology
- decimal दशमलव
- A number with a point, like 2.5, where the digits after the point are tenths, hundredths …
- Mathematics
- density घनत्व
- How much mass is packed into a space. Things less dense than water float.
- PhysicsChemistry
- dissolve घुल्नु
- To mix into a liquid so completely that you can no longer see the pieces.
- ChemistryEnvironment
- energy ऊर्जा
- What is needed to make things move, heat up, light up or grow.
- PhysicsTechnologyEnvironmentBiology
- evaporation वाष्पीकरण
- When a liquid slowly turns into a gas (vapour), like puddles drying in the sun.
- ChemistryEnvironmentPhysics
- evidence प्रमाण
- What you saw or measured that shows whether an idea is right.
- PhysicsChemistryBiologyEnvironmentTechnology
- factor गुणनखण्ड
- A number that divides another exactly. 3 is a factor of 12.
- Mathematics
- fair test निष्पक्ष परीक्षण
- A test where you change only one thing, so you know what caused the result.
- PhysicsChemistryBiologyEnvironmentTechnology
- filtration छान्ने विधि
- Separating solid bits from a liquid by pouring it through filter paper or cloth.
- ChemistryEnvironment
- food chain खाद्य शृङ्खला
- Who eats whom: grass is eaten by a goat, and the goat by a tiger.
- BiologyEnvironment
- force बल
- A push or a pull. Forces can start, stop or turn things.
- PhysicsTechnology
- fraction भिन्न
- A part of a whole, written like ¾: the bottom number says how many equal parts, the top how many you take.
- Mathematics
- friction घर्षण
- A force that slows things down when two surfaces rub together.
- PhysicsTechnology
- fulcrum आधार बिन्दु
- The fixed point a lever turns on.
- PhysicsTechnology
- germination अङ्कुरण
- When a seed starts to grow into a new plant.
- Biology
- gravity गुरुत्वाकर्षण
- The pull that makes things fall towards the Earth.
- Physics
- habitat बासस्थान
- The natural home of a plant or animal, like a pond or a forest.
- BiologyEnvironment
- indicator सूचक
- A substance that changes colour to show whether something is an acid or a base.
- ChemistryEnvironment
- insulator कुचालक
- A material that does not let electricity or heat pass through easily, like plastic.
- PhysicsTechnology
- integer पूर्णाङ्क
- A whole number that can be positive, negative or zero, like −3, 0 or 7.
- Mathematics
- lever उत्तोलक
- A bar that turns on a fixed point to lift heavy loads with less effort, like a see-saw.
- PhysicsTechnology
- loop Loop
- Steps that repeat, either a set number of times or until something becomes true.
- Programming
- magnet चुम्बक
- An object that pulls iron and steel towards it.
- Physics
- mass पिण्ड
- How much matter something has, measured in grams or kilograms. It is the same everywhere.
- PhysicsChemistry
- microorganism सूक्ष्मजीव
- A living thing too small to see without a microscope, like bacteria.
- BiologyEnvironment
- mixture मिश्रण
- Two or more substances mixed together, which can be separated again.
- ChemistryEnvironment
- multiple अपवर्त्य
- What you get when you multiply a number by 1, 2, 3 … 12 is a multiple of 3.
- Mathematics
- neutral तटस्थ
- Neither an acid nor a base, like pure water.
- ChemistryEnvironment
- nutrient पोषक तत्त्व
- Something in food that the body needs to grow and stay healthy, like protein or vitamins.
- Biology
- opaque अपारदर्शी
- Lets no light through, like wood or a book.
- Physics
- oxygen अक्सिजन
- A gas in the air that living things need to breathe and that fire needs to burn.
- ChemistryBiologyEnvironment
- particle कण
- A tiny piece that matter is made of, far too small to see.
- ChemistryPhysics
- perimeter परिमिति
- The total distance around the edge of a shape.
- Mathematics
- photosynthesis प्रकाश संश्लेषण
- How green plants make their own food from light, water and carbon dioxide.
- BiologyEnvironment
- pole ध्रुव
- One of the two ends of a magnet (north and south), where its pull is strongest.
- Physics
- pollination परागसेचन
- Moving pollen from one flower to another so that seeds can form. Bees and wind help.
- Biology
- prediction अनुमान
- What you think will happen before you try it. It is fine if it turns out wrong.
- PhysicsChemistryBiologyEnvironmentTechnology
- pressure चाप
- How much force presses on an area. A sharp knife has high pressure at its edge.
- Physics
- prime number रूढ सङ्ख्या
- A number with exactly two factors: 1 and itself, like 2, 3, 5 and 7.
- Mathematics
- probability सम्भाव्यता
- How likely something is to happen, from 0 (impossible) to 1 (certain).
- Mathematics
- protein प्रोटिन
- A nutrient for growth and repair, found in beans, eggs, milk and meat.
- Biology
- ratio अनुपात
- A way to compare two amounts, like 2 cups of rice to 3 cups of water (2 : 3).
- Mathematics
- reflection परावर्तन
- When light bounces off a surface, like a mirror.
- Physics
- refraction अपवर्तन
- When light bends as it passes from one material into another, like from air into water.
- Physics
- resistance प्रतिरोध
- How much something slows down the flow of electricity, measured in ohms (Ω).
- PhysicsTechnology
- sediment थिग्रिएको
- Heavy bits that sink and settle at the bottom of a liquid.
- ChemistryEnvironment
- shadow छाया
- A dark shape made where an object blocks the light.
- Physics
- solute घुलित
- The substance that dissolves, like the salt in salt water.
- Chemistry
- solution घोल
- A mixture where one substance has dissolved completely in a liquid, like salt water.
- ChemistryEnvironment
- solvent घोलक
- The liquid that something dissolves in, like the water in salt water.
- Chemistry
- speed गति
- How far something travels in a certain time, like kilometres per hour.
- PhysicsMathematics
- symmetry सममिति
- When one half of a shape is a mirror image of the other half.
- Mathematics
- temperature तापक्रम
- How hot or cold something is, measured in degrees Celsius (°C).
- ChemistryPhysicsEnvironment
- transparent पारदर्शी
- Lets almost all light through, so you can see clearly through it, like glass.
- Physics
- variable चर
- Something that can change in an experiment. Change one, measure another, and keep the rest the same.
- PhysicsChemistryBiologyEnvironmentTechnology
- variable Variable
- A named box that holds a value the program can read and change.
- Programming
- vertebrate मेरुदण्डी
- An animal with a backbone, like a fish, frog, bird or human.
- Biology
- voltage भोल्टेज
- The push that makes electricity flow, measured in volts (V).
- PhysicsTechnology
- volume आयतन
- How much space something takes up, measured in millilitres or cubic centimetres.
- PhysicsChemistryMathematics
- weight तौल
- The pull of gravity on something, measured in newtons. It is less on the Moon.
- Physics