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Grade 10 Advanced About 15 min Version 1 Awaiting review Premium

Ionic or covalent? Modelling chemical bonds

Atoms bond to get a full outer shell of electrons. When a metal meets a non-metal, the metal atom gives its outer electrons to the non-metal atom. The metal becomes a positive ion and the non-metal a negative ion, and the opposite charges attract: an ionic bond. Ionic compounds have high melting points and conduct electricity when molten or dissolved. When non-metal atoms bond, neither gives up electrons; they share pairs of electrons instead: a covalent bond. Covalent substances made of small molecules usually have low melting points and do not conduct.

What you will learn

  • Explain how ionic and covalent bonds form.
  • Predict the type of bonding from the elements in a compound.
  • Link the type of bonding to properties such as melting point and conductivity.

Before you start

  • Know the arrangement of electrons in shells for the first 20 elements.

Materials

  • Electron shell diagram cards

Equipment

  • None for the virtual lab

Procedure

  1. Choose a compound card and check which elements it contains: metal and non-metal, or only non-metals?
  2. Model its electrons: are they transferred or shared?
  3. Place each card in the ionic or covalent group.